Nose and sinus
Nose and sinus: read practical guides to symptoms, assessment, treatment options and when to seek care.
Swollen inferior turbinates: can a spray help, or is surgery needed?
Can nasal sprays reduce swollen inferior turbinates? Learn causes, ENT assessment, treatment choices, surgical indications and warning signs.
Read article →SinusChronic rhinosinusitis: when sinus symptoms last over 12 weeks
Sinus symptoms lasting over 12 weeks may be chronic rhinosinusitis. Learn the diagnostic tests, treatment options, surgery indications and red flags.
Read article →NoseWhat should you do during a nosebleed? Correct first aid and warning signs
Learn how to stop a nosebleed correctly, common causes, clinical assessment, treatment options and when persistent or heavy bleeding needs emergency care.
Read article →NoseNasal obstruction: causes of a blocked nose
Allergy, a deviated septum, turbinate swelling, polyps, infection or rarely a growth can block the nose.
Read article →NoseSinus operation (FESS): what to know
Endoscopic surgery may be considered for selected chronic sinusitis or polyps that persist despite appropriate medical care.
Read article →NoseLoss of smell: causes and assessment
Viral illness, allergy, sinus disease, polyps, head injury, ageing or neurological disease can reduce smell.
Read article →These articles provide general patient education and do not replace individual diagnosis or care. Seek prompt help for breathing difficulty, sudden hearing loss or other urgent symptoms.