Tonsillitis: causes, symptoms and care
Viral or bacterial inflammation of the tonsils can cause sore throat, fever and painful swallowing.
Read →ThroatTonsil stones (tonsilloliths)
Food debris, cells and bacteria may collect in tonsil crypts and form small white or yellow deposits.
Read →Paediatric ENTAdenoidectomy: when it may be needed
Removal may be considered when enlarged adenoids contribute to persistent nasal blockage, mouth breathing, snoring or middle-ear fluid.
Read →ThroatTonsillectomy: preparation and recovery
Tonsil removal may be considered for selected recurrent severe infections or sleep-related obstruction.
Read →Paediatric ENTTongue-tie: when treatment is needed
A short or tight lingual frenulum may affect feeding, tongue movement and sometimes speech.
Read →OralAphthous ulcers (canker sores)
Small painful ulcers inside the mouth usually heal on their own within one to two weeks.
Read →OralOral leukoplakia: why a white patch needs assessment
A persistent white patch that does not rub off may be leukoplakia; some lesions contain precancerous changes.
Read →OralOral candidiasis (oral thrush)
Candida overgrowth may cause white coating, soreness, altered taste or cracks at the mouth corners.
Read →Paediatric ENTCleft lip: coordinated care
Cleft lip occurs when the upper lip does not fully join during development and may affect one or both sides.
Read →Paediatric ENTCleft palate: feeding, hearing and speech
A gap in the roof of the mouth can affect feeding, middle-ear fluid, hearing and speech development.
Read →CancerOral cancer: warning signs not to ignore
Earlier diagnosis of cancer of the mouth, tongue, gums or lips can improve treatment options.
Read →NoseNasal obstruction: causes of a blocked nose
Allergy, a deviated septum, turbinate swelling, polyps, infection or rarely a growth can block the nose.
Read →NoseSinus operation (FESS): what to know
Endoscopic surgery may be considered for selected chronic sinusitis or polyps that persist despite appropriate medical care.
Read →NoseLoss of smell: causes and assessment
Viral illness, allergy, sinus disease, polyps, head injury, ageing or neurological disease can reduce smell.
Read →EarEar discharge: what to do
Canal infection, middle-ear infection, eardrum perforation or chronic ear disease may cause fluid or pus.
Read →EarHearing loss: types, tests and support
Causes range from wax to inner-ear damage and may produce conductive, sensorineural or mixed hearing loss.
Read →EarEar itching: common causes and safe care
Dry skin, eczema, fungal/bacterial otitis externa, allergy or hearing-device irritation can cause itching.
Read →Paediatric ENTMicrotia: ear development and hearing
Microtia means the outer ear is small or incompletely formed; the ear canal and hearing may also be affected.
Read →Paediatric ENTPreauricular sinus: a small pit in front of the ear
A congenital tract may appear as a small pit near the ear; it needs no treatment when symptom-free.
Read →Head & NeckBranchial cyst: a lump at the side of the neck
A developmental remnant can form a lateral neck cyst, often first noticed after infection.
Read →Head & NeckThyroglossal cyst: a midline neck lump
A remnant of the thyroid’s developmental tract can form a midline cyst that may move with swallowing or tongue protrusion.
Read →Paediatric ENTCystic hygroma (lymphatic malformation)
A congenital lymphatic malformation can form a soft, fluid-filled swelling, often in the neck.
Read →Paediatric ENTHaemangioma: an infant vascular birthmark
An infantile haemangioma may grow quickly after birth and often shrinks gradually later.
Read →ThyroidGoitre: causes of thyroid enlargement
A goitre is an enlarged thyroid gland; thyroid hormone levels may be normal, high or low.
Read →CancerThyroid cancer: from nodule to diagnosis
Most thyroid nodules are not cancer, but ultrasound and selected FNAC help assess risk.
Read →CancerLaryngeal cancer: hoarseness and warning signs
Persistent hoarseness is a common early sign of voice-box cancer; tobacco and alcohol are major risk factors.
Read →VoiceVocal-cord polyps and nodules
Voice overuse, irritation or trauma can produce benign vocal-fold lesions.
Read →VoiceVoice change: when to seek assessment
Colds, voice overuse, reflux, benign lesions, nerve problems, thyroid disease or cancer can alter the voice.
Read →What we assess
- Earache and hearing concerns
- Sinus, allergy and blocked nose
- Tonsils, voice and throat
- Childhood snoring and ear care
Assessment and care
- Evidence-informed patient education
- Symptom-specific red flags
- Links to relevant service pages