In this article
- Tobacco, betel nut and alcohol increase risk
- A non-healing ulcer or red/white patch matters
- A neck lump or swallowing problem may occur
Assessment and treatment
- Full oral and neck examination
- Biopsy of a suspicious lesion
- Stage-based surgery, radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment
At a glance
Definition: Earlier diagnosis of cancer of the mouth, tongue, gums or lips can improve treatment options.
Key takeaways
- Tobacco, betel nut and alcohol increase risk
- A non-healing ulcer or red/white patch matters
- A neck lump or swallowing problem may occur
Clinical steps
- Full oral and neck examination
- Biopsy of a suspicious lesion
- Stage-based surgery, radiotherapy and/or systemic treatment
Red flags: An ulcer or patch lasting over three weeks, unexplained bleeding, numbness or a neck lump needs prompt specialist review.
Quick FAQ: When should I see an ENT specialist?
An ulcer or patch lasting over three weeks, unexplained bleeding, numbness or a neck lump needs prompt specialist review.
How I assess this in clinic
I first clarify duration, severity, whether symptoms are one-sided or bilateral, and their effect on daily life. I then perform a focused ENT examination and compare the findings with tobacco, betel nut and alcohol increase risk.
Endoscopy or audiometry is not required for everyone. I advise endoscopy when the nose, sinus, throat or voice box needs direct assessment, and audiometry/tympanometry when hearing or middle-ear function is in question.
A common misconception is that every ENT problem needs an antibiotic or an operation. Treatment should instead follow the diagnosis, functional impact, examination findings and evidence-based indications.
Do not wait when: An ulcer or patch lasting over three weeks, unexplained bleeding, numbness or a neck lump needs prompt specialist review.
For patient education; not a substitute for individual diagnosis or treatment.